Hierarchical systems of governance, whether they claim to be democratic or authoritarian, have a long and bloody history of rationalizing and justifying the use of force and the killing of innocents. This post will explore how such systems, through their inherent structures and power dynamics, inevitably lead to violence and death, often on a massive scale. We’ll delve into historical examples and examine the casualties resulting from drone and air strikes ordered by recent U.S. presidents.
Historical Examples of State-Sponsored Violence
Throughout history, hierarchical governments have used force to maintain control and achieve their objectives. Some stark examples include:
- The Soviet Union: Under Stalin, the Soviet regime was responsible for the deaths of millions through purges, forced labor camps, and engineered famines, such as the Holodomor in Ukraine.
- Nazi Germany: The Nazi regime systematically murdered six million Jews and millions of others, including Romani people, disabled individuals, and political dissidents, in the Holocaust.
- Mao’s China: Mao Zedong’s Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution led to the deaths of tens of millions due to forced labor, executions, and famine.
- Pol Pot’s Cambodia: The Khmer Rouge regime, led by Pol Pot, was responsible for the deaths of approximately 1.7 million people, or about 21% of the country’s population, through executions, forced labor, and starvation.
These examples illustrate how hierarchical governments, driven by ideology or the desire for power, can justify unprecedented levels of violence and death.
Drone and Air Strikes: The 21st-Century Face of State Violence
In recent decades, the use of drone and air strikes has become a hallmark of U.S. foreign policy, with devastating consequences for civilian populations. Here are some key figures:
- Barack Obama: During his presidency, Obama authorized drone strikes that resulted in the deaths of thousands of civilians. Estimates vary, but it is believed that between 380 and 801 civilians were killed in Pakistan, Yemen, and Somalia alone.
- Donald Trump: Trump significantly escalated the use of drone strikes, particularly in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria. According to the Bureau of Investigative Journalism, Trump’s drone war killed between 300 and 910 civilians.
- Joe Biden: Since taking office, Biden has continued the trend of using drone strikes, with a notable increase in strikes in Afghanistan following the U.S. withdrawal. The exact number of civilian casualties under Biden is still emerging, but early reports suggest a continuation of the trend of high civilian deaths.
These figures highlight how hierarchical governance, even in supposedly democratic systems, can lead to the routine killing of innocents in the name of security or national interest.
Conclusion
Hierarchical systems of governance, whether democratic or authoritarian, are inherently prone to justifying and using force, often with fatal consequences. From the atrocities of the 20th century to the drone wars of the 21st, the pattern is clear: power concentrates at the top, and those at the bottom pay the price in blood. It is time to question the very foundations of these systems and consider alternatives that prioritize human life and dignity over the whims of those in power.